Management – Meaning
·
The
collective body of those who manage or direct any enterprises.
·
Management
means steering an organization towards specified objectives.
·
Management
in simple terms means the act of getting people together to accomplish desired
goals.
·
Management can also refer to the person or
people who perform the act(s) of management
·
Management
comprises (factions of management)
3.
Controlling
4.
decision
making
5.
Motivating,
Leadership
6.
Communicating
7.
Performance
8.
Appraisal
9.
Linking
rewards with performance
10.
Human
resource Development
·
most
basic and extensive process in management
·
it
means deciding in advance what result are to be achieved and what actions are
to be taken for the same and who should take such actions, where , when and
how.
·
it is the process of grouping people and activities at the
disposal of an organization.
·
in a judicious manner, people and activities have to be grouped to
produce the best results by following the most appropriate sequence of events.
3. Controlling
·
Means
checking the progress of the plans and correcting any deviation that might occur
along way of implementation of plans.
·
Control
ensure quality, appropriateness of means and action.
4. Decision making
·
This
means converting intentions to action plans on a rational basis, on the basis
of a perceived relationship between actions and outcomes.
·
Decision
making is the essence of all management.
5. Motivating
·
This
means the continuous process of generation sufficient interest to each
individual to carry out actions that can be benefit the organization.
·
As
strategies for motivation both monetary and non-monetary rewards are used.
6. Leadership
·
It
is a process of making ordinary people to extra ordinary things which they
would not accomplish if left alone.
·
Leadership
involves skills in inspiring, integrating divergent interest, building self
confident and morale etc.
7. Communicating
·
Communication
is aimed at making others understand what they are expected to do and at ensuring
whether they are doing it or not.
8. Performance Appraisal
·
Performance
appraisal is the process of evaluating the contribution on an employee for the
purpose of determining his rewards and developmental needs.
·
Performance
appraisal can done through:
o
Establishing
acceptable levels of performance in qualitative and quantitative terms.
o
Adopting
effective methods of assessment.
o
Using
performance appraisal data for various managerial objectives
o
Giving
feed back to the employee to help him to modify his behavior in the
organization.
9. Linking rewards with performance
·
This
means motivate employees to perform better by giving rewards to them.
·
Where
such linking is absent, fall in standards and failure to achieve excellence in
performance are natural outcomes.
10. Human resource Development
o
This
is the process of helping employee to develop their competence in a continuous
manner, for the benefit of themselves, their organization, and the society.
o
Career
planning, career guidance, setting of standards for performance, performance
appraisal, feedback on performance, training programmes etc. are some
strategies for human recourse development.
Management – Definitions
·
“Management
is principally the task of planning, coordinating , motivating and controlling
the effort of others towards a specific objective. Management is what
management does. It is the task of planning, executing and controlling.” –
James, L.Lundy
·
Management
is the distinct process consisting of planning, organizing, activating and
controlling performed to determine and accomplish the objectives by the use of
human being and other resources”
–
George, R.Terry
Educational Management
- Managing an educational system to extract maximum out put.
- The management in education field.
·
Growing
complexity of educational enterprise
·
Modern
technological development
·
Ever
changing pattern of education
·
Rising
cost of education
·
Increasing
politicization of education
·
Social
changes
Aspects of Educational Management (5M’s)
·
Management of Men
o
This
include staff, student and their parents, members of the community, members of
the governing body and developmental officials.
·
Management of Money
o
This
concerns with finance.
·
Management of machines
o
This
include different kind of machinery for carrying out programmes related to work
experience and Socially Useful Productive Work (SUPW)
·
Management of Material
o
This
includes a variety of material in the form of furniture and stationery etc.
exist in the educational institutions.
·
Management of Method
o
This
means organization of ideas and principles into school system-curriculum,
methods of teaching
Management
– Principles
·
Principle of cooperation
·
Principle of coordination
·
Principle of democratic philosophy
·
Principle of equality
·
Principle of freedom
·
Principle of flexibility
·
Principle of human relations
·
Principle of justice
·
Principle of leadership
·
Principle of optimism
·
Principle of optimum utility
·
Principle of professional growth of the staff
·
Principle of recognition of individual worth
·
Principle of sharing responsibility
· Principle of values
· Principle of values
·
Principle of budgeting
·
Principle of economy
Application
of the principles of management to education
·
Optimum utilization of man and material
·
Management action involves not only the most
use of the material resources but also of human resources.
·
Optimum utilization of man and material
implies the identification of available resources in the community maintaining
available resources and developing accountability towards control and
monitoring resources.
·
The human elements in management of education
includes
o
Children
o
Parents
o
Educational planners and administrators
o
Teachers
o
Other employers
·
By coordinating the functions of these human
elements in a proper way we can have the optimum utilization of human resources.
·
The material element includes
o
Money
o
Buildings
o
School ground
o
equipments
Supervision
- Supervision is a planned programme for improvement of institutions.
- Supervision is a planned programme for improvement of institutions.
- This is actually a study of school conditions, to discover problems or defects of the students,teachers, equipment, school curriculum, objectives and methods.
- This could be done via actual observation, educational tests, conference, questionnaires and checklists etc.
Aims
of supervision
·
To provide professional leadership to
educational institutions so as to improve their work and put them on right
direction and path.
·
To set suitable goals for educational
institutions.
·
To apprise the work of educational
institutions and to give valid criticism
·
To offer technical service to teachers in the
form of instructional aids and suggestions.
·
To promote professional growth of teachers by
providing in-service training to them.
Types
of supervision
·
Corrective
type
o
Here the intention is to find out what is
wrong with the teaching learning process.
·
Preventive
type
o
Under this the supervisor anticipates the
difficulties of headmasters or teachers, and help them to avoid these
difficulties.
·
Creative
type
o
This aims at liberating teachers fro set
procedures and makes him self-reliant and enthusiastic in his work
